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Hexagram 33 · Dun · Great Image Page 20 of 30 5-minute read

The I Ching in 30 Pages

Stepping Back Without Hatred

When it's time to leave, can you go cleanly, without hatred?

firm, but without hatreda step back is a step forward 遯

Original

遯:亨,小利貞。 彖曰:遯亨,遯而亨也。……與時行也。……遯之時義大矣哉! 象曰:天下有山,遯;君子以遠小人,不惡而嚴。

In plain words

Retreat: success; for the small, it is favourable to stay upright. The Tuan Commentary says: Retreat brings success: by withdrawing, the way stays open. … It moves with the times. … How great is the meaning of Retreat's moment! The Image says: A mountain beneath heaven: Retreat. The noble person keeps petty people at a distance, without hatred, but firmly.

Key words

  • 遯dùnTo retreat or withdraw; the character holds a piglet running off.
  • 不惡bú wùWithout hatred.
  • 嚴yánFirm and clear about boundaries.

Reading it step by step

The last page was about veiling your light. This one is about stepping back. Dun (Retreat) has the Mountain below and Heaven above: a mountain under the sky. However high the mountain, it never touches heaven; heaven always stays at a distance. The character for Dun has a piglet in it, a little pig running off: retreating, slipping away.

First: read the trend, not the count. Dun has only two yin lines at the bottom and four yang lines above, so yang seems to be in the majority. But the two yin lines are joined and climbing step by step. In the calendar, Dun is the sixth month: still hot, yet autumn is already rising from below. So see it early. The bottom line is “the tail of the retreat,” the last to leave, and it is in danger. The higher you go, the better it gets: line four is a good retreat, line five a fine retreat, and the top line a carefree retreat where “nothing is unfavourable.” Leave early, and leave at ease.

Second: “by withdrawing, the way stays open.” The Judgment says retreat brings success. The old explanation: the body withdraws so that the Way can go on. If you cling on when the tide has turned, you may lose even what you were trying to protect. An old rice-planting verse puts it well: green seedlings in hand, you fill the paddy, look down and see the sky in the water, and find that stepping back was moving forward all along. Rice planters work walking backwards. Every step back leaves another row of seedlings in the field.

Third: “without hatred, but firmly.” Keep your distance, but don't hate. Don't hate, but don't blur the line. Confucius warned that hating a bad person too much only drives him to worse. When Mencius served in Qi, he once travelled on a long embassy with an official who was the king's favourite. Mencius was courteous the whole way, yet never once discussed the mission with him. Asked why, he said: since someone has taken charge of it, what is there for me to say? He didn't make a scene, and he didn't go along.

firm lines

blurry lines

with hatred

a blow-upboth sides hurt
complain, but stayresentful and entangled

without hatred

without hatred, but firmdistance, not enmity
going alongcan't say no

You may need to leave a job, quit a group chat, or put distance between yourself and someone. You don't have to post a long denunciation on your way out, and you don't have to keep up appearances either. Hand over your work properly, say what you need to say politely and clearly, and turn around. Hatred would only tie you to the place you're trying to leave.

A step back keeps the road open for you.

One line to carry

Leave early, leave cleanly, leave without hatred.

Today's question

Is there a place or relationship you should be stepping back from? If you left “without hatred, but firmly,” what would your first sentence be?

Quick check

What attitude is “without hatred, but firmly”?

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